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Respuesta a rumores de dopaje y acusaciones en el ámbito de la comunicación deportiva: La utilización de estrategias de reparación de la imagen por parte de Rafael Nadal

Resumen

La investigación en el ámbito de la comunicación de crisis ha dedicado escasa atención a los rumores derivados de acusaciones falsas o no probadas. En la mayor parte de los casos la literatura acerca de este tema se centra en como reaccionar a incidentes graves o, en todo caso, a los rumores derivados de los propios incidentes. Sin embargo, los rumores, ya sean fundados o infundados, verdaderos o falsos, pueden tener un gran impacto en la calidad de las relaciones que una organización o individuo (en el caso de los deportes) tiene con sus públicos. En particular, y especialmente en el mundo del deporte de élite, los rumores afectan la legitimidad o la congruencia percibida entre el comportamiento del atleta y las normas sociales. Obviamente, las estrategias acomodaticias no tienen sentido cuando las acusaciones están basadas en asunciones que no pueden ser probadas. El caso de las acusaciones de dopaje a Rafael Nadal es un ejemplo de ello. Unicamente cuando el equipo de Nadal pasó de la negación y la autoafirmación a implementar acciones correctoras en un esfuerzo por crear transparencia, la controversia mediática se detuvo. Este caso demuestra que, en esta era digital y de plena accesibilidad a las informaciones, los deportistas de élite deberían abogar por la máxima transparencia, más allá de las normas establecidas, con el objetivo de proteger la legitimidad de sus logros.

Palabras clave

Deportes, tenis, reparación de la imagen, dopaje, Rafael Nadal, legitimidad

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Biografía del autor/a

César García

Department of Communication. Professor. Director, Non-Profit Organization Management Program


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