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Online hate cartography: analysis of the professional football league in Portugal

Abstract

The main objective of the present investigation is to analyze the racist hate speech that are uttered in the social media of the clubs of the Portuguese professional football league, in the 2020/2021 season. For this purpose, a mixed, quantitative, and qualitative methodology was adopted, organized in three sequential moments: data extraction from Facebook, processing, and content analysis. The data reveals, essentially, the presence of racist discursive manifestations of impulsive, instrumental and regionalist nature. In the opposite direction, a set of comments repudiating expressions of racism and an incitement to the action of football clubs to stop such manifestations of racism.

Keywords

hate speech, racism, social media, football

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